High performance hierarchical torus network

A Hierarchical Torus Network (HTN) is a 2D-torus of multiple basic modules, in which the basic modules are 3D-torus that are hierarchically interconnected for higher level networks. This research addresses the architecture of the HTN, deadlock-free dimension-order and adaptive routing algorithms, static network performance, and dynamic communication performance (DCP). The static network performances are derived from the graph model and the DCP is evaluated by using dimension-order routing and newly proposed adaptive routing algorithms under various traffic patterns. It is shown that the HTN possesses several attractive features, including constant node degree, small diameter, low cost, small average distance, moderate (neither too low, nor too high) bisection width, and high throughput and low latency, which provide better DCP than that of other conventional and hierarchical interconnection networks. It is also found that the DCP of an HTN using the proposed adaptive routing algorithms are better than when the dimension-order routing is used, in terms of network throughput

Hierarchical 3D-Mesh Network

A Hierarchical 3D-Mesh (H3DM) Network is a 2D-mesh network of multiple basic modules, in which the basic modules are 3D-torus networks that are hierarchically interconnected for higher-level networks. In this paper, we evaluate the dynamic communication performance of a H3DM network using a deadlock-free routing algorithm with minimum number of virtual channels under the uniform and non-uniform traffic patterns; and compare it with other networks to show the superiority of the H3DM network over other networks. We have also evaluated the dynamic communication performance of the mesh and torus networks. It is shown that H3DM network yields low average transfer time than that of mesh and torus networks. The trade-off between throughput and latency of these networks shown that H3DM network provide better dynamic communication performance than that of mesh and torus networks before saturation

Power analysis with variable traffic loads for next generation interconnection networks

Power consumption is the most important factor for the consideration of next generation supercomputers. In addition, the requirement of power usages can be even scaled up to more than 300MW (which is nearly equal to the one nuclear power plant) with the conventional networks. On the other hand, hierarchical interconnection networks can be a possible solution to those issues. 3D-TTN is a hierarchical interconnection network where lowest level is configured as the 3Dtorus network, following the 2Dtorus network at the higher-level networks. The main focus for this paper is the power analysis with variable traffic load along with the fault tolerance, cost, packing density and message traffic density of 3D-TTN comparing against various other networks. In our early research, 3D-TTN has achieved near about 21% better diameter performance, 12% better average distance performance and eventually required about 32.48% less router power usage at the lowest level than the 5Dtorus network for 1% traffic load. This paper shows the power comparison with the router and link power rather than considering the router power only. Our analysis shows that 3DTTN will require about 39.96% less router and link power than the 5Dtorus network for 10% traffic. With 30% traffic load, 3DTTN will require about 38.42% less power than the 5Dtorus network for the on-chip network. Even considering some topological parameters, 3D-TTN could also achieve some desirable performance by comparing other networks

Hot-spot traffic pattern on hierarchical 3D mesh network

A Hierarchical 3D-Mesh (H3DM) Network s a 2D-mesh network of multiple basic modules (BMs), in which the basic modules are 3D-torus networks that are hierarchically interconnected for higher-level networks. In this paper, we evaluate the dynamic communication performance of a H3DM network under hot-spot traffic pattern using a deadlock-free dimension order routing algorithm with minimum number of virtual channels. We have also evaluated the dynamic communication performance of the mesh and torus networks. It is shown that under most imbalance hot-spot traffic pattern H3DM network yields high throughput and low average transfer time than that of mesh and torus networks, providing better dynamic communication performance compared to those networks

Dynamic communication performance of TTN with uniform and non-uniform traffic patterns using virtual cut-through flow control

Tori connected Torus Network (TTN) is a 2D-torus network of multiple basic modules, where each basic module is a 2D-torus network that are hierarchically interconnected for higher-level networks. The static network performance and dynamic communication performance using wormhole (WH) flow control of TTN has already been studied earlier and shown to be good than that of other networks. In this paper, we evaluate the dynamic communication performance of TTN using the virtual cut-through (VCT) flow control under uniform and non-uniform traffic patterns; and also compare the result with the other networks as well as the wormhole flow control of TTN network. We found that VCT with the nonuniform traffic patterns for TTN yields much better performance than that of 2D Torus, 2D Mesh, TESH, STTN and even better than the WH flow of TTN network in terms of network throughput and latency

The static performance effect of hybrid-hierarchical interconnection by shifted completely connected network

Massively parallel computer (MPC) systems execute many operations based on internal networks called interconnection networks. The performance of these networks is affected by their topolo- gies.There are many topologies of interconnection networks for MPC systems, unfortunately, they faced many drawbacks. Expanding the size of the network degrades the performance of these topologies. That is why this current paper presents a hybrid-hierarchical interconnection network (HIN) topology by Shifted Completely Connected Network (SCCN) to circumvent the drawbacks of the existing topologies. An experimental evaluation involving the design and development of a hierarchical network was carried out. A two-dimensional higher level networks has been produced and its static network performance parameters evaluated through simulators. The �nding of the simulations has shown some good performances compared to many previous designed networks. SCCN is better than all conventional networks in terms of diameter, cost and average distance

Antipsychotic olanzapine-induced misfolding of proinsulin in the endoplasmic reticulum accounts for atypical development of diabetes

オランザピンの非典型的糖尿病誘発機構を解明 --体重増加以外にも注意が必要--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-12-02.Second-generation antipsychotics are widely used to medicate patients with schizophrenia, but may cause metabolic side effects such as diabetes, which has been considered to result from obesity-associated insulin resistance. Olanzapine is particularly well known for this effect. However, clinical studies have suggested that olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia in certain patients cannot be explained by such a generalized mechanism. Here, we focused on the effects of olanzapine on insulin biosynthesis and secretion by mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells. Olanzapine reduced maturation of proinsulin, and thereby inhibited secretion of insulin; and specifically shifted the primary localization of proinsulin from insulin granules to the endoplasmic reticulum. This was due to olanzapine’s impairment of proper disulfide bond formation in proinsulin, although direct targets of olanzapine remain undetermined. Olanzapine-induced proinsulin misfolding and subsequent decrease also occurred at the mouse level. This mechanism of olanzapine-induced β-cell dysfunction should be considered, together with weight gain, when patients are administered olanzapine

混沌とする世界における国際機関の強化 : ヒロシマの果たす役割は

巻頭言...4 第Ⅰ部　戦後国際関係に果した国際機関の役割 　The Future of Multilateralism:Governing the World in a Post-Hegemonic Era...G.John Ikenberry...6 　『ジュネーヴ軍縮会議』の取り組み : その成果と現状...天野万利...12 　War Occurrence and Multilateral Institutions...Takashi Inogushi...17 第Ⅱ部　混沌とする世界における国際機関の強化 　Gridlock: Why Global Cooperation is Failing When We Need it Most...David Held...20 　Post-2015 Development Agenda and the Role of the United Nations...Akiko Yuge...27 　混沌とする世界と国際機関の強化...西田恒夫...32 基調講演 　日本と世界の当面するチャレンジ...明石康...37 第Ⅲ部　ヒロシマは何ができるのか？ 　MULTILATERALISM IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD : Meeting Grand Global Challenges...Brian D. Finlay...43 　被爆地からの訴えは核軍縮を促したか...水本和実...49 　北東アジア非核兵器地帯の実現に向けた広島の役割...山本武彦...55 　ヒロシマの思想、そして今後のヒロシマの役割...川野徳幸...59 巻末言...73 資料1　シンポジウム・ポスター...75 資料2　キーワード集...77 資料3　参加者アンケート結果...82広島大学平和科学研究センター／新潟県立大学共催国際シンポジウ